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The Lenape () are a Native American tribe and First Nations band government.〔 They are also called Delaware Indians〔 and their historical territory was along the Delaware River watershed, western Long Island and the Lower Hudson Valley.〔 Most Lenape were pushed out of their Delaware homeland during the 18th century by expanding European colonies, exacerbated by losses from intertribal conflicts.〔 Lenape communities were weakened by newly introduced diseases, mainly smallpox, and violent conflict with Europeans. Iroquois people occasionally fought the Lenape. Surviving Lenape moved west into the upper Ohio River basin. The American Revolutionary War and United States' independence pushed them further west. In the 1860s, the United States government sent most Lenape remaining in the eastern United States to the Indian Territory (present-day Oklahoma and surrounding territory) under the Indian removal policy. In the 21st century, most Lenape now reside in the US state of Oklahoma, with some communities living also in Wisconsin, Ontario (Canada) and in their traditional homelands. Lenape kinship system has matrilineal clans, that is, children belong to their mother's clan, from which they gain social status and identity. The mother's eldest brother was more significant as a mentor to the male children than was their father, who was of another clan. Hereditary leadership passed through the maternal line, and women elders could remove leaders of whom they disapproved. Agricultural land was managed by women and allotted according to the subsistence needs of their extended families. Families were matrilocal; newlywed couples would live with the bride's family, where her mother and sisters could also assist her with her growing family. ==Name== Lenni-Lenape (or Lenni-Lenapi) comes from their autonym, ''Lenni'', which may mean "genuine, pure, real, original," and ''Lenape'', meaning "Indian" or "man".〔("The Lenape-English Dictionary." ) ''Gilwell.'' 18 Oct 2000. Retrieved 2 Dec 2013.〕 (cf. Anishinaabe.) Alternately, ''lënu'' may be translated as "man."〔("Lenape Talking Dictionary." ) ''Delaware Tribe of Indians.'' Retrieved 2 Dec 2013.〕 The Lenape, when first encountered by whites, were a loose association of related peoples who spoke similar languages and shared familial bonds in an area known as Lenapehoking,〔Newman 10〕 the Lenape traditional territory, which spanned what is now eastern Pennsylvania, New Jersey, southern New York, and eastern Delaware. The tribe's other name, "Delaware," is not of Native American origin. English colonists named the Delaware River for the first governor of Virginia, Thomas West, 3rd Baron De La Warr, whose title was ultimately derived from French. (For etymology of the surname, see Earl De La Warr§Etymology.) The English then began to call the Lenape the Delaware Indians because of where they lived. Swedes also settled in the area, and early Swedish sources listed the Lenape as the ''Renappi''.〔Goddard 235〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Lenape」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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